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Sebaceous Glands and Acne By Expert Author: Valerie DeVette
View Summary \| Submitted: 2008-06-27 \| Word Count: 470 words

The key trigger in acne during puberty is hormonal, for at this stage androgens interact with terminals on the sebaceous glands and produce stimulation of the sebaceous gland to hypertrophy and hence promote more sebaceous secretion of lipids and free fatty acids which distend the follicular duct. More specifically, there is evidence for increased peripheral metabolic conversion of the androgen testosterone to dihydrotestosterone at the level of the skin in people suffering from acne. It is further hypothesized that receptors on the sebaceous gland for the modified androgen dihydrotestosterone can exhibit various degrees of sensitivity, and that an elevated sensitivity reaction may be partially or completely genetically inherited.

The first lesion in acne is the comedone

The basic manifestation in acne is the comedo. On the exposure to oxygen the comedone becomes dark and forms what you know as a blackhead. The comedo is made by retention of layers of dead skin known as keratin in the wall of the follicles. In addition to hyperkeratosis (which is thickening or retained layers of keratin), there is an aggregation of sebum. The mixture of the keratin and the sebum produces a blocking of the opening of the follicular duct, and papules are created by inflammation around the comedones. Depending upon the degree of inflammation, granulomatous reactions, pustules, cysts, scars, nodules, and keloids may develop.

Inflammatory Response

Airborne contamination and other toxic materials further aggravate the inflammatory response. As bacteria start to proliferate within the blocked pore your immune system reacts by releasing granulocytes and macrophages, which are groups of white blood cells that destroy the bacteria. The inflammation process is needed to repair the continuing effects of excess bacteria and signal the body to repair the damage to tissues. Often times the immune response system can't stop the proliferation of acne bacteria due to lack of white blood cells or an impaired system.

Activity of the Sebaceous Gland

When a comedone is clogging the outlet of the sebum ducts, the sebaceous glands continue to form sebum, which gathers in the sebum duct increasing the comedone in size. The expansion in size results in pressure and leads to a further strong inflammation reaction in the nearby skin and creates swelling, redness, unpleasantness, and a mass (pimple, redhead, acne papule). Usually your immune reaction system cannot influence on the acne papule thus furthering the stage of growth and infection.

Growth of Acne Bacteria

The above conditions encourage the growth of bacteria and result in infection within the duct, the sebaceous gland, and nearby tissue. The commencement of the infection produces further inflammatory changes, therefore starting a cycle of accentuated obstruction of the outflow of sebum which produces even more pressure, inflammation, and progressing infection causing cysts and pustules to appear. The effect on skin tissues caused by these infections is highly damaging and the healing process commonly results in a scar.

About the Author/Author Bio

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Article Source: http://www.articlesphere.com/Article/Sebaceous-Glands-and-Acne/150460

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