The cause of most kidney stones is not known. A stone may cause no problems, but often it causes pain. Most kidney stones are small, and pass out with the urine. Kidney stones are made of salts and minerals in the urine that stick together to form small "pebbles." They can be as small as grains of sand or as large as golf balls. They may stay in your kidneys or travel out of your body through the urinary tract.
Kidney failure is the sudden loss of your kidneys’ ability to perform their main function eliminates excess fluid and electrolytes as well as waste material from your blood. When your kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and waste accumulate in your body. Acute kidney failure is most common in people who are already hospitalized, particularly people who need intensive care.
Kniest dysplasia is a disorder of bone growth. This condition is characterized by short stature (dwarfism), enlarged joints and other skeletal abnormalities, and problems with vision and hearing. People with this condition have short stature from birth, with a short trunk and shortened limbs. Adult height ranges from 42 inches to 58 inches. Progressive joint enlargement and pain restrict movement of the joints, which limits activity and interferes with standing and walking. These joint problems can also lead to arthritis.
Healthy kidneys clean your blood by removing excess fluid, minerals and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. But if the kidneys are damaged, they don't work properly. Harmful wastes can build up in your body. Your blood pressure may rise. Your body may retain excess fluid and not make enough red blood cells. This is called kidney failure.
The kidneys are like the body's garbage collection and disposal system. Through microscopic units called nephrons, the kidneys remove waste products and extra water from the food a person eats, returning chemicals the body needs (such as sodium, phosphorus, and potassium) back into the bloodstream. The extra water combines with other waste to become urine, which flows through thin tubes called ureters to the bladder, where it stays until it exits through the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder) when someone goes to the bathroom.
A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure in which a healthy donated kidney is transplanted into your body. A successful kidney transplant will allow you to return to a more normal lifestyle and will free you from dialysis treatments. However, a kidney transplant is not a cure. It is the treatment of choice for kidney failure for those who are considered suitable candidates for a transplant. To find out if you are a candidate, your healthcare team will perform a series of tests as part of a complete medical assessment.
Kidney stones (renal Lithia sis) are small, hard deposits of mineral and acid salts on the inner surfaces of your kidneys. Normally, the substances that make up kidney stones are diluted in the urine.
![[أربيك]](http://www.articlesphere.com/websitetranslator/images/flag_ar.gif){kind=small}
