Acoustics is believed to be an artform in Western Society; this has been believed for thousands of years. Western musicologists have written many websites and books about musical theory, Pythagoras is mentioned as the first person to be studying consonance in relation to string lengths. The Chinese had however before in about 3000 BC a scale based on the knotted positions of overtones, this scale the Chinese had indicates the consonant pitches that related to the open string (the pitches are present at their Guqin). Pythagoras like the Chinese also wanted to know why different intervals have different levels of beauty; some are far more beautiful than others. However he did discover an answer, the answer was in terms of numerical rations that represented the harmonic overtones that are present in strings.
A man named Aristotle understood that expansions and contractions of the air are what sound consisted of. These contractions and expansions fall upon and strike the air in which it is next to, this is a really good expression expressing the nature of wave motion.
A treatise on acoustical properties of theatres including discussions of reverberation, interference and echoes. This was written in about 20 BC by a Roman engineer and architect "Vitruvius". This marked the beginning of architectural acoustics as we know it.
Concepts of Acoustics and Their Fundamentals
The propagation, generation and reception of mechanical vibrations and waves is what the study of Acoustics revolves around.
There are various causes both volitional and natural. Energy can be converted from other forms of acoustical energy, there are numerous kinds of transduction process that can convert this producing an acoustic wave. There is one fundamental equation that describes acoustic wave propagation, but the phenomena that emerge from it are varied and often complex. The produced wave carries energy throughout the propagating medium. This energy is eventually transduced again, these can be volitionally contrived or naturally contrived into other forms. The end result (final effect) may reach far into the volitional or biological domains or the final effect could be purely physical. The five basic steps are found equally well whether we are talking about a sonar used by a submarine to locate its enemy, a band (playing a rock concert) or an earthquake.
Wave propagation is the central stage in the acoustical process falling within the domain of physical acoustics. Mechanical waves can be varied in form in a solid, these forms can include Surface Waves, Longitudinal Waves and Transverse Waves. Sound primarily propagates as a pressure wave in fluids.
Acoustics first look at frequencies and pressure levels in the sound wave, also of special importance in Acoustics is Transduction Processes.
Energy can be converted from one form of energy to another using a Transducer, this usually means converting electrical energy into sound energy or vice versa (In an acoustical context). Some examples of Acoustic Transducers are:
- Sonar Projects
- Microphones
- Loudspeakers
- Hydrophones
The above devices convert sound pressure waves to or from an electrical signal.
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