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Desalination Company Related Tags: seawater desalination, desalination, energy recovery, environment, human resource

Water Desalination Makes Seawater Palatable - These days, when mankind finds a way to run a natural resource dry, it seems to find an answer to its replenishment. Gasoline prices in the U.S. are soaring, but alternatives abound in the form of ethanol, bio diesel, and even recycled kitchen grease. In the past, when draught has reared its parched head, people turned to a multitude of things – water rationing, trading front lawns for yards full of quartz, even infrequent flushing. Thankfully, there is a highly effective and more practical answer to the world water crisis, in the form of water desalination. San Leandro based Energy Recovery Inc. Desalination Part 4 of 4: Measuring the Impact - Continued from Desalination Part 3: Getting Better All the Time... A bigger problem may be the leftover brine, which typically contains twice as much salt as seawater and is discharged back into the ocean. So far little scientific information exists about its long-term effects. In the past, most big seawater-desalination plants were built in places that did not conduct adequate environmental assessments, says Peter Gleick, president of the Pacific Institute, a think-tank based in California that published a report on desalination in 2006. But as plants are built in areas with tighter environmental restrictions, more information is becoming available. Some recent measurements from Perth are encouraging. Initially scientists from the Centre for Water Research feared that the brine discharge from the plant would increase the saltiness of the coastal environment. Desalination Part 2 of 4: No Salt, Please - Continued from Desalination Part 1: Tapping the Ocean This reduced the energy consumption of sugar refining by up to 80%, says James Birkett of West Neck Strategies, a desalination consultancy based in Nobleboro, Maine. But it took about 50 years for the idea to make its way from one industry to another. Only in the late 19th century did multi-effect evaporators for desalination begin to appear on steamships and in arid countries such as Yemen and Sudan. A few multi-effect distillation plants were built in the first half of the 20th century, but a flaw in the system hampered its widespread adoption. Desalination Part 3 of 4: Getting Better All the Time - Continued from Desalination Part 2: No Salt, Please... In the late 1970s John Cadotte of America’s Midwest Research Institute and the FilmTec Corporation created a much-improved membrane by using a special cross-linking reaction between two chemicals atop a porous backing material. His composite membrane consisted of a very thin layer of polyamide, to perform the separation, and a sturdy support beneath it. Thanks to the membrane’s improved water flux, and its ability to tolerate pH and temperature variations, it went on to dominate the industry. At around the same time, the first reverse-osmosis plants for seawater began to appear. These early plants needed a lot of energy. Desalination Part 1 of 4: Tapping the Ocean - THERE are vast amounts of water on earth. Unfortunately, over 97% of it is too salty for human consumption and only a fraction of the remainder is easily accessible in rivers, lakes or groundwater. Climate change, droughts, growing population and increasing industrial demand are straining the available supplies of fresh water. More than 1 billion people live in areas where water is scarce, according to the United Nations, and that number could increase to 1.8 billion by 2025. One time-tested but expensive way to produce drinking water is desalination: removing dissolved salts from sea and brackish water. Its appeal is obvious. The world’s oceans, in particular, present a virtually limitless and drought-proof supply of water.

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